AP® Biology Beta
Glossary
603 terms so far. Each links to the page that teaches it; open a letter to read its definitions.
5 1 term
A 37 terms
- A site (ribosome)
- absorption spectrum
- acid
- activation energy
- active site
- active transport
- adaptation
- adenine
- adenylyl cyclase
- adhesion
- aerobic
- allele
- allele frequency from phenotype counts
- allosteric regulation
- alpha glucose
- alternative hypothesis
- alternative splicing
- amino acid
- amino group
- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
- amphipathic
- aneuploidy
- anticodon
- antigen-presenting cell
- antiparallel
- apoptosis
- apoptosis signaling
- aquaporin
- asexual reproduction
- atom
- ATP
- ATP hydrolysis
- ATP synthase
- ATP yield
- autosomal recessive
- autotroph
- average rate
B 11 terms
C 80 terms
- calcium ion signaling
- Calvin cycle
- cAMP
- cancer
- capillary action
- carbohydrate
- carbon fixation
- carbon skeleton
- carbonyl group
- carboxyl group
- carrier frequency
- carrier protein
- catalyst
- causation
- cell
- cell communication
- cell cycle
- cell differentiation
- cell wall
- cell wall support
- cell-surface receptor
- cellular respiration
- cellular response
- cellulose
- central dogma
- change in allele frequency
- channel protein
- Chargaff's rules
- checkpoint
- chemical reaction
- chemiosmosis
- chi-square test
- chi-square test for Hardy-Weinberg
- chitin
- chloroplast
- cholesterol
- choosing a graph type
- choosing a transport route
- chromosomal mutation
- chromosome
- chromosome condensation
- chromosome number
- circular DNA
- claim-evidence-reasoning
- codominance
- codon
- cofactor
- cohesion
- common ancestry
- comparing community diversity
- compartmentalization
- competitive inhibitor
- complementary base pairing
- concentration gradient
- confidence interval
- confounding variable
- conjugation
- constitutive gene
- contractile vacuole
- control group
- controlled experiment
- controlled variable
- coordinated gene expression
- correlation
- cotransport
- coupled transcription and translation
- covalent bond
- crenation
- CRISPR
- cristae
- critical value
- crossing over
- cyanobacteria
- cyclin
- cyclin-dependent kinase
- cystic fibrosis
- cytokinesis
- cytolysis
- cytoplasm
- cytoskeleton
D 29 terms
- daughter cell
- degrees of freedom
- dehydration synthesis
- denaturation
- density of ice
- density-dependent inhibition
- deoxyribose
- dependent variable
- diabetes
- differential gene expression
- diffusion
- dihybrid cross
- diploid
- direct contact signaling
- disaccharide
- disulfide bridge
- DNA
- DNA damage
- DNA fingerprinting
- DNA ligase
- DNA methylation
- DNA polymerase
- DNA replication
- DNA sequencing
- dominant allele
- double helix
- double membrane
- Down syndrome
- dynamic equilibrium
E 41 terms
- electrochemical gradient
- electron carrier
- electron transport chain
- electronegativity
- element
- elements of life
- embryonic development
- endocrine signaling
- endocytosis
- endomembrane system
- endoplasmic reticulum
- endosymbiosis
- endosymbiotic theory
- endotherm
- energy coupling
- energy density of fats
- energy diagram
- energy input and order
- energy storage polysaccharide
- enhancer
- enzyme
- enzyme concentration
- enzyme inhibitor
- enzyme specificity
- enzyme-substrate complex
- enzymes are reusable
- epigenetics
- epinephrine
- epistasis
- error bar
- ethylene
- euchromatin
- eukaryote
- evaporative cooling
- evidence (CER)
- evolution
- exchange surface
- exergonic reaction
- exocytosis
- expected ratio
- experimental limitation
F 18 terms
G 27 terms
- G protein
- G protein-coupled receptor
- G0
- gamete
- gap junction
- gated channel
- gel electrophoresis
- gene
- gene cloning
- gene expression
- gene product
- gene therapy
- genetic code
- genetic information
- genetic variation
- genome
- genotype
- glucagon
- glucose
- glycogen
- glycolysis
- glycoprotein
- glycosidic bond
- Golgi complex
- graph key
- Gregor Mendel
- growth factor
H 25 terms
- haploid
- heat loss and body size
- heat of vaporization
- helicase
- hereditary material
- histogram
- histone
- histone acetylation
- homeostasis
- homeotic gene
- homologous chromosomes
- horizontal gene transfer
- hormone
- host cell
- hydrangea flower color
- hydrogen bond
- hydrogen ion
- hydrolysis
- hydrophilic
- hydrophobic
- hydrophobic interaction
- hydroxyl group
- hypertonic
- hypothesis
- hypotonic
I 22 terms
- if-then prediction
- incomplete dominance
- independent assortment
- independent variable
- induced fit
- inducer
- inducible operon
- induction (development)
- initiation (translation)
- insertion mutation
- insulin
- internal environment
- interphase
- interpolation
- intracellular receptor
- ion
- ionic bond
- ionization constant
- irreversible inhibitor
- isomer
- isotonic
- isotope
K 4 terms
L 16 terms
M 37 terms
- macromolecule
- mean (statistics)
- median
- meiosis
- meiosis I
- meiosis II
- meiosis versus mitosis
- membrane
- membrane fluidity
- membrane infolding
- membrane potential
- membrane protein
- metabolic heat
- metabolic rate
- metabolism
- methyl group
- metric prefixes
- microRNA
- mitochondrial DNA
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrion
- mitosis
- mitotic spindle
- mode (statistics)
- model-based prediction
- molar concentration
- molecular collisions
- molecule
- monohybrid cross
- monomer
- monosaccharide
- morphogen
- mRNA
- multifactorial trait
- mutagen
- mutation
- mutualism
N 17 terms
O 14 terms
P 68 terms
- P generation
- p-value
- passive transport
- pathogen
- pathway stuck on
- PCR
- pedigree
- peptide bond
- peptidoglycan
- percent change
- pH
- phenotype
- phenotypic plasticity
- phenylketonuria
- phosphate group
- phospholipid
- phosphorus in biological molecules
- phosphorylation
- phosphorylation cascade
- photophosphorylation
- photosynthesis
- photosynthesis equation
- photosynthetic rate
- photosystem
- pigment
- plasma membrane
- plasmid
- plasmolysis
- pleiotropy
- point mutation
- polar covalent bond
- polarity
- polygenic inheritance
- polymer
- polypeptide
- polyploidy
- polyribosome
- polysaccharide
- positive control
- positive feedback
- positive gene regulation
- post-transcriptional regulation
- post-translational modification
- potential energy
- pre-mRNA
- prediction with mechanism
- pressure constant
- pressure potential
- primary active transport
- primary structure
- primase
- primer
- product rule
- prokaryote
- promoter
- proofreading
- prophase
- protein
- protein folding
- protein kinase
- protein pump
- proto-oncogene
- proton gradient
- proton pump
- Punnett square
- purine
- pyruvate
- pyruvate oxidation
Q 3 terms
R 36 terms
- R group
- random fertilization
- random mutation
- range (statistics)
- rate of change
- reaction rate
- reading frame
- reasoning (CER)
- reception
- receptor
- receptor tyrosine kinase
- reciprocal cross
- recombinant chromosome
- recombinant DNA
- recombination frequency
- recycling of matter
- redox reaction
- regulatory sequence
- reject the null hypothesis
- renaturation
- repeated trials
- repressible operon
- repressor
- respiration equation
- restriction enzyme
- retrovirus
- ribose
- ribosome
- RNA
- RNA polymerase
- RNA processing
- RNA splicing
- RNA virus
- rough ER
- rRNA
- rubisco
S 74 terms
- sample (statistics)
- saturated fatty acid
- scatterplot
- scientific claim
- second law of thermodynamics
- second messenger
- secondary structure
- secretory pathway
- selectable marker
- selective permeability
- semiconservative replication
- sensor
- separate reaction conditions
- sequence determines shape
- set point
- sex chromosome
- sex-linked
- sexual reproduction
- sickle cell disease
- signal amplification
- signal peptide
- signal termination
- signal transduction
- signal-blocking drug
- signaling molecule
- significance level
- silent mutation
- simple diffusion
- Simpson's index formula
- single-strand binding protein
- single-stranded
- sister chromatid
- slope
- smooth ER
- sodium-glucose cotransporter
- sodium-potassium pump
- solute
- solute potential
- solute potential equation
- solvent
- somatic cell
- specialized regions in prokaryotes
- specific heat
- spread of data
- standard deviation
- standard error of the mean
- starch
- start codon
- statistically significant
- stem cell
- steroid
- steroid hormone
- stimulus
- stomata
- stop codon
- stroma
- structural protein
- structure determines function
- substrate
- substrate concentration
- substrate-level phosphorylation
- sugar-phosphate backbone
- sulfhydryl group
- sulfur in biological molecules
- surface area
- surface area of a cube
- surface area-to-volume ratio
- surface tension
- symbiosis
- symport
- synapsis
- synaptic signaling
- system perturbation
T 28 terms
- telomere
- temperature-dependent sex determination
- temperature-sensitive fur color
- template strand
- terminator
- tertiary structure
- testable question
- testcross
- thermoregulation
- thylakoid
- tonicity
- topoisomerase
- transcription
- transcription factor
- transduction (bacteria)
- transformation (bacteria)
- transforming principle
- transition state
- translation
- transpiration
- transport protein
- transposon
- trend line
- triglyceride
- tRNA
- tumor suppressor gene
- turgor pressure
- Turner syndrome
U 5 terms
V 4 terms
W 4 terms
X 2 terms
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