Signals, repair and control

In this chapter's tools

Lab practical image sets

• Histology station: exocrine and endocrine glands

Prediction scenarios

• Level 1 a regulated variable rises above its set point
• Level 1 extracellular potassium rises, predict resting potential
• Level 2 sodium channels are blocked, predict the action potential

Pathways

• Action potential basics: stimulus to repolarization
• Second messenger cascade: hormone to cell response
• Tissue repair after an injury

Feedback loops

• Generic loop anatomy: stimulus to response (introduces every slot)

Graphs

• A regulated variable oscillating around its set point
• Resting membrane potential and the ion gradients behind it
• A generic action potential (threshold, all-or-none)

Comparison tables

• Mucous vs serous vs cutaneous vs synovial membranes
• Negative vs positive feedback
• Graded potential vs action potential
• Nervous vs endocrine signaling
• Water-soluble vs lipid-soluble messengers
• Endocrine vs exocrine glands